Resources & Primary Sources

The story of Hoxsey therapy has been told by both advocates and critics. This page provides access to primary sources—the original documents, court records, government reports, and direct quotes that allow you to examine the evidence firsthand.

Key Quotes from Primary Sources

Before exploring the full documents, here are the most significant statements from the historical record—words that shaped the Hoxsey controversy.

"Now you have the power to heal the sick and save lives."

John Hoxsey's deathbed words to his seventeen-year-old son Harry, passing down the family formula.

He also warned: "They will persecute you, slander you and try to drive you off the face of the earth."

— Harry Hoxsey, You Don't Have to Die (1956)
"The clinic is successfully treating pathologically proven cases of cancer, both internal and external, without the use of surgery, radium, or x-ray."

"We as a committee feel that the Hoxsey treatment is superior to such conventional methods of treatment as x-ray, radium, or surgery. We are willing to assist this clinic in any way possible in bringing this treatment to the American public."

— Ten independent physicians after two-day inspection (1954)
"A conspiracy does exist to stop the free flow and use of drugs in interstate commerce which allegedly has solid therapeutic value."

"Public and private funds have been thrown around...to close up and destroy clinics, hospitals, and scientific research laboratories which do not conform to the viewpoint of medical associations."

— Benedict F. Fitzgerald Jr., Special Counsel, Fitzgerald Report to Congress (1953)
"Orthodox scientific research has identified antitumor activity of one sort or another in all but three of Hoxsey's plants."

"More recent literature leaves no doubt that Hoxsey's formula...does indeed contain many plant substances of marked therapeutic activity."

— Patricia Spain Ward, PhD, OTA Report (1990)
"When you really get right down to the whole scope of medicine, the only stable drugs we have today are a product of the herbs."

"Not being scientifically minded, and being a nurse at heart, I have found that it is more important to have results than scientific proof."

— Mildred Nelson, RN, Bio-Medical Center

Books

"You Don't Have to Die" (1956)

By Harry M. Hoxsey | 310 pages | Milestone Books

Harry Hoxsey's autobiography and the primary source for understanding his perspective. Contains the origin story of the formula, detailed accounts of his battles with the AMA, patient testimonials, and the full text of court proceedings. The book jacket promised: "thousands of patients—many of them declared 'hopeless' by their own doctors—have taken the Hoxsey treatment. Today, five, ten, in some instances twenty years later, a surprising number of them are still alive."

Read Free on Internet Archive →

"When Healing Becomes a Crime" (2000)

By Kenny Ausubel | Healing Arts Press

The companion book to Ausubel's award-winning documentary. Provides extensive historical context, argues for reconsideration of Hoxsey therapy, and documents the broader pattern of suppression of alternative cancer treatments. Based on years of research and interviews.

Available on Amazon →

"Quacks and Crusaders" (2002)

By Eric S. Juhnke | University Press of Kansas

An academic treatment examining Hoxsey alongside other controversial medical figures of the early 20th century—Norman Baker and John Brinkley. Provides critical analysis within the context of American medical history and the rise of regulatory authority.

"The Medical Messiahs"

By James Harvey Young | Princeton University Press

A history of medical quackery in America from a conventional medical history perspective. Chapter 17 covers Hoxsey in detail, providing the viewpoint of historians critical of alternative cancer treatments. Useful for understanding the establishment perspective.


Documentary

"Hoxsey: How Healing Becomes a Crime" (1987/1988)

Directed by Kenny Ausubel | 83 minutes

The definitive documentary on Hoxsey therapy, winner of the "Best Censored Stories" journalism award. Features rare historical footage, patient testimonials, and interviews with both supporters and critics. Covers Harry Hoxsey's rise from his first clinic in 1924 to the largest private cancer center in the U.S., his 25-year battle with Morris Fishbein and the AMA, the FDA shutdown, and the continuation of treatment in Mexico.

The film includes interviews with Mildred Nelson at the Bio-Medical Center in Tijuana, footage from the Dallas clinic, and excerpts from FDA and court proceedings.

Amazon Prime →

Government Documents

The Fitzgerald Report (1953)

Congressional Record Appendix, August 3, 1953

After Senator Charles Tobey's son recovered from cancer using alternative treatment, Tobey launched a congressional investigation into the suppression of cancer therapies. Special Counsel Benedict Fitzgerald's report concluded that a conspiracy existed to suppress treatments with "solid therapeutic value" and that public funds were used to destroy clinics that didn't conform to medical association viewpoints.

"The jury, after listening to leading pathologists, radiologists, physicians, surgeons, and scores of witnesses...concluded that Dr. Fishbein was wrong; that his published statements were false, and that the Hoxsey method of treating cancer did have therapeutic value."
Read Full Report →

OTA Report: "Unconventional Cancer Treatments" (1990)

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment

The most comprehensive government review of Hoxsey therapy ever conducted. Commissioned by Congress and prepared by the Office of Technology Assessment. Chapter 4 covers herbal treatments including detailed analysis of Hoxsey. Concludes that while individual herbs show antitumor activity, the complete formula has never been properly tested. Includes medical historian Patricia Spain Ward's assessment that "Hoxsey's treatment has never actually been tested, either in animals or in humans."

Download PDF (Chapter 4) →

FDA Morris Fishbein Interview

FDA Historical Archives

Historical interview transcript providing Dr. Morris Fishbein's perspective on the Hoxsey controversy. Fishbein served as editor of JAMA and chief critic of Hoxsey for decades. Essential for understanding the AMA's position.

Download PDF →

Court Documents

Hoxsey v. Fishbein, 83 F. Supp. 282 (1949)

U.S. District Court, N.D. Texas, Dallas Division | Judge William H. Atwell

The landmark libel case in which Harry Hoxsey sued the AMA and Morris Fishbein for defamation. Under cross-examination, Fishbein made several damaging admissions:

  • He had flunked anatomy in medical school
  • He had never practiced medicine a single day after his brief residency
  • He had never had a private patient
  • The Hoxsey external paste DID cure external/skin cancer

The court found Fishbein's statements "false, slanderous and libelous." Hoxsey won symbolic damages: $1.00 for himself and $1.00 for the slander of his father.

Read Full Case Summary →

Medical Institution Resources

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Integrative Medicine: Hoxsey Herbal Therapy

Detailed assessment from one of the world's leading cancer treatment centers. While the overall assessment is negative, the page provides useful information on individual herbs and their mechanisms. Notable for acknowledging laboratory activity of several ingredients while maintaining the position that clinical evidence is lacking.

View Assessment →

McGill University Office for Science and Society

"The Hoxsey Hoax"

Critical analysis examining the historical and scientific claims around Hoxsey therapy. Represents the skeptical perspective. Useful for understanding counterarguments.

Read Analysis →

Scientific Research

Berberine Clinical Trial (CBAR Study)

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2020) + 6-year follow-up (2024)

The largest randomized controlled trial ever conducted on a Hoxsey ingredient. 1,108 participants across 7 hospitals in China. Found 36% vs. 47% colorectal adenoma recurrence (RR 0.77, p=0.001). Six-year follow-up confirmed lasting benefits.

PubMed: 6-Year Follow-Up →

Arctigenin Phase I Trial (GBS-01)

Cancer Science (2016)

First-in-human clinical trial of arctigenin (from burdock root) in pancreatic cancer patients. Conducted at Japan's National Cancer Center Hospital East. 15 patients, doses of 3-12g orally. Achieved 1 partial response, 4 stable disease, with no dose-limiting toxicities.

PubMed: GBS-01 Trial →

James A. Duke USDA Assessment

HerbalGram No. 18/19 (Fall 1988/Winter 1989)

Analysis by the Chief of USDA's Plant Taxonomy Laboratory. Found 8 of 9 Hoxsey herbs demonstrated antitumor activity in animal models. Concluded the formula showed "very significant chemical and biological anticancer activity."


Historical Resources

Texas State Historical Association

Handbook of Texas: Harry M. Hoxsey

Biographical entry providing historical context for Hoxsey's Texas-based operations, including the Dallas clinic that became the largest private cancer center in the world.

Read Biography →

WETA Boundary Stones

"Cancer War: The FDA vs. Harry Hoxsey"

Historical narrative of the conflict between Hoxsey and federal authorities, including the unprecedented FDA public denunciation in 1956—the first time the agency had ever publicly declared a cancer treatment to be fraudulent.

Read Article →

TIME Magazine Archive

"Medicine: The Great Humiliation" (1956)

Contemporary coverage from the height of the Hoxsey controversy. Notes that "some 40 new patients a day keep coming to the Hoxsey Cancer Clinic in Dallas" despite the AMA declaring "the whole thing reeks of fraud."


Biographical Details

Harry M. Hoxsey (1901-1974)

  • Born in Taylorville, Illinois
  • Received formula from his father at age 17
  • Opened first clinic in 1924
  • Arrested over 100 times for practicing medicine without a license
  • Built largest private cancer center in the world (Dallas)
  • Won libel suit against AMA (1949)
  • Forced to move operations to Mexico (1963)
  • Developed prostate cancer (1967)
  • Died in 1974, an invalid for his final seven years

Mildred Nelson, RN (1919-1999)

  • Started working with Hoxsey in 1946
  • Her mother was diagnosed with "incurable" cancer
  • Originally came to Dallas "to take her mother away from that quack"
  • After her mother's recovery, became a true believer
  • Founded Bio-Medical Center in Tijuana (1963)
  • Treated approximately 30,000 patients
  • Ran the clinic until her death on January 28, 1999

The Tragic Irony

In 1967, Harry Hoxsey was diagnosed with prostate cancer. His own herbal treatment failed to cure him. He underwent conventional surgery and standard medical treatment. He spent his final seven years as an invalid and died in 1974, without obituary or newspaper tribute—forgotten by the media that had once made him front-page news. Whether this proves the treatment never worked, or simply that even Hoxsey couldn't cure every case, remains a matter of interpretation.


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